Do all mosquitoes transmit malaria? The common first symptoms - fever, headache, chills and vomiting - usually appear 10 to 15 days after a person is infected. If not treated promptly with effective medicines, malaria can cause severe illness and is often fatal. Most cases and deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa. In , malaria was present in 91 countries and territories. Early treatment of malaria will shorten its duration, prevent complications and avoid a majority of deaths.
Because of its considerable drag on health in low-income countries, malaria disease management is an essential part of global health development. Treatment aims to cure patients of the disease rather than to diminish the number of parasites carried by an infected person. The best available treatment, particularly for P. However, the growing potential for parasite resistance to these medicines is undermining malaria control efforts see below.
There are no effective alternatives to artemisinins for the treatment of malaria either on the market or nearing the end of the drug development process.
Drug resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs has spread very rapidly. In order to avoid this for artemisinins, they should be used in combination as ACTs, and artemisinin monotherapy use of one artemisinin drug versus the more effective combination pill should not be used. The less effective single-drug treatment increases the chance for parasites to evolve and become resistant to the medicine. Intensive monitoring of drug potency is essential to protect against the spread of resistant malaria strains to other parts of the world.
WHO recommends continuous monitoring and is assisting countries as they work to strengthen drug observation efforts. Prevention focuses on reducing the transmission of the disease by controlling the malaria-bearing mosquito.
Two main interventions for vector control are:. These core interventions can be locally complemented by other mosquito vector control methods for example, reducing standing water habitats where insects breed, among other approaches. Insecticide resistance Mosquito control efforts are being strengthened in many areas, but there are significant challenges, including:.
There are no equally effective and efficient insecticide alternatives to DDT and pyrethroids, and the development of new pesticides is an expensive, long-term endeavour. Infected blood cells usually burst every hours. Each time they burst, you'll have a bout of fever, chills and sweating. Malaria can also be spread through blood transfusions and the sharing of needles, but this is very rare.
Page last reviewed: 22 August Next review due: 22 August There are many different types of plasmodium parasite, but only 5 types cause malaria in humans. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic.
Malaria transmission cycle Open pop-up dialog box Close. Malaria transmission cycle Malaria spreads when a mosquito becomes infected with the disease after biting an infected person, and the infected mosquito then bites a noninfected person. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert. Mayo Clinic; Jameson JL, et al.
In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, N. Accessed Oct. Bennett JE, et al. Malaria plasmodium species. Elsevier; Accessed Dec. Merck Manual Professional Version. Brunette GW, et al. Oxford University Press; Breman JG. Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children.
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